You can avail tax benefits by showing payments on a housing loan. To do so, you must obtain an Income tax certificate which will be issued to you once a year. This will contain the total amount of interest and capital repaid during the year. This is a must to claim a tax benefit in respect of self occupied property.You need to submit this as part of your personal Income tax returns and then calculate your liability.Remember to check the maximum amount that is allowable under current rules for the financial year.
UNDER INCOME TAX ACT 1961a) Benefits to the Borrowers of the Housing Loans: Under second proviso to section 24(b) of the Income tax Act, 1961, a sum of Rs.1,50,000/- is available for deduction as interest paid on the loan availed for the purpose of acquisition / construction of the house property after 1st day of April 1999, provided such construction / acquisition must be completed within 3 years from the date the capital was borrowed. If the property is acquired / constructed out of he borrowed amount, the interest on such loan for the periods prior to the period in which such property has been acquired or constructed shall be deducted in equal Installments from the year of construction / acquisition with four immediately succeeding years.
The above deduction indicated at (i) and (ii) above will be allowed only when the borrower furnishes a certificate indicating the amount borrowed and interest payable for the acquisition / construction of the property. The principal re-payment on the housing loan is liable for deduction for individuals and HUF to the extent of Rs. 1,00,000/- under section 80C of the Income tax Act, 1961.
WEALTH TAX ACT, 1957 a) Under the Wealth tax Act, 1957, Section 5(1) indicates that an assessee can hold one property as a self occupied property and the same be exempt from eligible assets liable to Wealth tax. b) If an assessee, holds more than one property, then the second property for the purpose of Wealth tax has to be valued as per the Wealth Tax Rules 1958 and the value in excess of Rs. 15,00,000/- is liable to Wealth tax. However if there is any liability against the said asset, the same is to be deducted before computing the taxable wealth. c) If the assessee holds more than one property and the second property as let out for more than 300 days in previous year, then such property is not considered as eligible asset for calculation of taxable wealth.
TAX IMPLICATIONS If the property on which deduction claimed under section 80C is transferred by the assessee before the expiry of 5 years from the end of financial year in which possession of such property is obtained by him, then no deduction shall be allowed in the year of transfer and the deduction already allowed shall be added to the income of the assessee in the year of transfer and taxed accordingly.
TAX BENEFITS TO THE COMPANY AND ITS SHAREHOLDERSTo the Resident Member of the Company B. Under the Income Tax Act, 1961 Dividend Income received from Domestic Companies is exempt under section 10(34)
of the Income-tax act, 1961. The shareholders are not liable to pay long term capital gains tax in respect of shares of the company held by then for a period of more than twelve months by virtue of Section 10(38) of the Act, subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions: The transaction of sale of such equity share is entered into on or after 1 October, 2004. The transaction is chargeable to securities transaction tax under Chapter VII of the Finance (No.2) Act, 2004.
Proviso to the section specifies that in case of individual and HUF, where the total income as reduced by such short term capital gains is below the maximum amount not chargeable to tax, then such short term capital gains shall b reduced by the amount by which the total income as so reduced falls short of the maximum amount which is not chargeable to tax and the tax on the balance of such short term capital gains shall be computed at the rate of ten percent.
Short term capital gains arising on transfer of the company’s shares would be liable to tax at the rate of 10% (plus applicable surcharge and education cess) by virtue of Section
111A if the following conditions are satisfied :The transaction of sale of such equity share is entered into on or after 1 October, 2004. The transaction is chargeable to securities transaction tax under Chapter VII of the Finance (No.2) Act, 2004.Further, the public issue of shares of the Company would also qualify as an eligible issue of capital and long term capital gains would qualify for the benefit of Section 54ED of the Act if the capital gains are invested in shares of the Company.
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
Advantage Futures Expands Technology With Addition of Avadhi Finance and Technology's Focus Trader Pro:
.Avadhi's Focus Trader Pro is an important addition to the front-end trading applications we offer at Advantage Futures," said Joseph M. Guinan Jr., Founder, Chairman and CEO, Advantage Futures. "We are excited about this trading technology solution."Focus Trader Pro is an intuitive platform for active traders, enhanced with premium modules to perform well for diverse trading strategies and markets. Notable features include sophisticated behind-the-scenes automation, algorithmic formulae, comprehensive reports, option analysis and rapid order execution quotes, charts and price ladders. Advantage Futures technology expansion of Focus Trader Pro offers clients an additional option in choosing a front-end specific to their trading needs.
"Advantage Futures has an outstanding record as a brokerage firm with solid technology," said Paresh Malde, founder of Avadhi Finance and Technology. "Their technology and ours will be a powerful combination."Focus Trader Pro has a free 30-day demo available.For more about Focus Trader Pro, please contact customer service at 877.201.4767 or by emailing ABOUT ADVANTAGE FUTURES
Advantage Futures is a premier futures brokerage firm for professional, institutional, and active individual traders with best-in-class clearing and execution services provided with high-quality client service and technologically efficient solutions. We provide clients with a superior technology infrastructure, redundant exchange connectivity and 24-hour technology support. Our multimillion dollar investment in state-of-the art equipment provides our clients with extremely fast trading delta times while ensuring reliability and security. Advantage Futures technology investment also includes server hosting facilities, robust exchange connectivity, and fully redundant back office and accounting systems. We support trading on almost all domestic and foreign exchanges either through our direct clearing memberships or through various relationships we maintain with carrying brokers. Our management team has extraordinary industry experience and a strong reputation for integrity. Advantage Futures has processed over one billion contracts since its inception in June 2003. For more information, call Advantage Futures at 312-756-6300 or visit
ABOUT FOCUS TRADER PROFocus Trader Pro allows you to concentrate on your trading, not the technology. Sophisticated, behind-the-scenes automation, algorithmic formulae, user-friendly trading from charts or price ladders, and many other features -- all are designed to minimize your trading hassle and maximize your focus. Additionally, you can customize FocusTrader Pro to your trading style. A suite of premium modules, such as Swing Trader, S.E.M.E., and Portfolio Analyzer are available and more are being added all the time. Thus, as your trading sophistication grows, you won't outgrow this platform.
ABOUT AVADHI FINANCE AND TECHNOLOGYAvadhi Finance and Technology is emerging as a leading provider of technology and services to the global financial services industry. Its flagship product is a comprehensive multi-asset trading platform with innovative features that addresses the needs of the both the beginning trader and the most sophisticated investors in the era of the fully electronic marketplace. Avadhi Finance and Technology is located at 1745 Hamilton Rd, Suite 340, Okemos, MI, 48864. Call: 517.381.5205. Email: Website.
"Advantage Futures has an outstanding record as a brokerage firm with solid technology," said Paresh Malde, founder of Avadhi Finance and Technology. "Their technology and ours will be a powerful combination."Focus Trader Pro has a free 30-day demo available.For more about Focus Trader Pro, please contact customer service at 877.201.4767 or by emailing ABOUT ADVANTAGE FUTURES
Advantage Futures is a premier futures brokerage firm for professional, institutional, and active individual traders with best-in-class clearing and execution services provided with high-quality client service and technologically efficient solutions. We provide clients with a superior technology infrastructure, redundant exchange connectivity and 24-hour technology support. Our multimillion dollar investment in state-of-the art equipment provides our clients with extremely fast trading delta times while ensuring reliability and security. Advantage Futures technology investment also includes server hosting facilities, robust exchange connectivity, and fully redundant back office and accounting systems. We support trading on almost all domestic and foreign exchanges either through our direct clearing memberships or through various relationships we maintain with carrying brokers. Our management team has extraordinary industry experience and a strong reputation for integrity. Advantage Futures has processed over one billion contracts since its inception in June 2003. For more information, call Advantage Futures at 312-756-6300 or visit
ABOUT FOCUS TRADER PROFocus Trader Pro allows you to concentrate on your trading, not the technology. Sophisticated, behind-the-scenes automation, algorithmic formulae, user-friendly trading from charts or price ladders, and many other features -- all are designed to minimize your trading hassle and maximize your focus. Additionally, you can customize FocusTrader Pro to your trading style. A suite of premium modules, such as Swing Trader, S.E.M.E., and Portfolio Analyzer are available and more are being added all the time. Thus, as your trading sophistication grows, you won't outgrow this platform.
ABOUT AVADHI FINANCE AND TECHNOLOGYAvadhi Finance and Technology is emerging as a leading provider of technology and services to the global financial services industry. Its flagship product is a comprehensive multi-asset trading platform with innovative features that addresses the needs of the both the beginning trader and the most sophisticated investors in the era of the fully electronic marketplace. Avadhi Finance and Technology is located at 1745 Hamilton Rd, Suite 340, Okemos, MI, 48864. Call: 517.381.5205. Email: Website.
Campaign Finance History in the United States:
There's been a strong link between money and politics in the United States from the time we started holding elections. In the late 1700s, only white male landowners over the age of 21 were allowed to vote. This meant that you had to have some money to have your say. By 1828, states had the power to grant voting rights, and the land ownership mandate was largely dropped. The elections themselves were often fraught with corruption, with some voters being paid outright for votes.
Andrew Jackson was one of the first politicians to run a political campaign along modern lines. In the election of 1828, Jackson used a campaign staff to help him raise money and secure votes. He created committees that would organize rallies and parades to get his message to the masses. The result was a voter turnout that doubled that of previous elections. Twenty years later, Abraham Lincoln used his own finances to pay for his campaign. This plan nearly him, even though he combined his own money with donations from wealthy supporters.
After the Civil War, it became clear to wealthy Americans that they had a lot to gain by supporting the campaigns of politicians. Notable families like the Astors and Vanderbilts were as influential in early politics as the politicians. The first federal campaign finance law also came about in this post-Civil war period. The Navy Appropriations Bill, passed in 1867, prohibited government employees from soliciting contributions from yard workers.
The campaign of 1872 reached new highs in reliance on private political contributions. Wealthy democrats in New York contributed $10,000 each to help promote the election. Ulysses S. Grant had nearly one quarter of his election campaign paid for by a single donor [source:With such large donations coming from a limited number of supporters, it was clear that there was a great obligation by elected officials to the wealthy.
out after being embarrassed by his own corporate financing. In 1905, he proposed to Congress that all corporate contributions be outlawed. This measure was met with stiff resistance, as the elected officials were beholden to the donors that helped them get into office. This catch-22 would prove to be a common problem for politicians in the United States. Soon after, the Tillman Act prohibited corporations and nationally chartered from making direct financial contributions. As with many attempts at reform, this act was difficult to enforce and full of loopholes. In the years that followed, more limits were placed on contributions and expenditures. Again, these laws were rarely enforced and easy to get around. It would be decades later before any meaningful campaign finance reform legislation would be introduced. In the next section, we'll take a closer look at fundraising in modern American politics.
Andrew Jackson was one of the first politicians to run a political campaign along modern lines. In the election of 1828, Jackson used a campaign staff to help him raise money and secure votes. He created committees that would organize rallies and parades to get his message to the masses. The result was a voter turnout that doubled that of previous elections. Twenty years later, Abraham Lincoln used his own finances to pay for his campaign. This plan nearly him, even though he combined his own money with donations from wealthy supporters.
After the Civil War, it became clear to wealthy Americans that they had a lot to gain by supporting the campaigns of politicians. Notable families like the Astors and Vanderbilts were as influential in early politics as the politicians. The first federal campaign finance law also came about in this post-Civil war period. The Navy Appropriations Bill, passed in 1867, prohibited government employees from soliciting contributions from yard workers.
The campaign of 1872 reached new highs in reliance on private political contributions. Wealthy democrats in New York contributed $10,000 each to help promote the election. Ulysses S. Grant had nearly one quarter of his election campaign paid for by a single donor [source:With such large donations coming from a limited number of supporters, it was clear that there was a great obligation by elected officials to the wealthy.
out after being embarrassed by his own corporate financing. In 1905, he proposed to Congress that all corporate contributions be outlawed. This measure was met with stiff resistance, as the elected officials were beholden to the donors that helped them get into office. This catch-22 would prove to be a common problem for politicians in the United States. Soon after, the Tillman Act prohibited corporations and nationally chartered from making direct financial contributions. As with many attempts at reform, this act was difficult to enforce and full of loopholes. In the years that followed, more limits were placed on contributions and expenditures. Again, these laws were rarely enforced and easy to get around. It would be decades later before any meaningful campaign finance reform legislation would be introduced. In the next section, we'll take a closer look at fundraising in modern American politics.
Consumer spending rises, but so does saving:
There's an upside and a downside to January's personal income and spending data by the Commerce Department. The upside: Personal income rose 0.4% and consumer spending rose 0.6% -- both above the Bloomberg News , and those stats bode well for a return to growth.
The downside: the U.S. savings rate in January rose to a 5.0% annualized rate - - the highest rate since 1995.
The reason a higher savings rate is a downer? It reflects a high level of caution among U.S. citizens, who are hunkering-down and increasing their savings, given the recession and poor economic outlook for the next two quarters.Moreover, the high rate of savings means fewer consumer dollars will work their way into retail and related operations -- a trend that will delay the U.S. recovery. Historically, consumer spending has accounted for about 60-65% of U.S. GDP, although that percentage may decline in the years ahead, if consumers remain frugal.
Scott Brown, chief economist for Ray James & Associates, the data represents "a pretty bleak picture for the economy in the near term."Meanwhile, the core PCE deflator,a key gauge of inflation monitored by the U.S. Federal Reserve, increased 0.1% in January, and is up 1.6% in the past year. Each is within the Fed's comfort zone for inflation
Economic Analysis: In normal times, the high savings rate would be a plus, particularly on the heels of more than five years of below-average savings by Americans, since U.S. citizens do need to save more. However, as noted, the problem with a high savings rate now is that it takes that many more dollars out of an already commerce constrained U.S. economy.
Hence, it is a dilemma of sorts: Americans need to save more but the economy needs more dollars at work in it -- and that only underscores why no one should fear a rise inflation. There aren't enough dollars working in the U.S. economy right now -- the main reason a large stimulus package was passed, and why another package may be needed down the road.
The downside: the U.S. savings rate in January rose to a 5.0% annualized rate - - the highest rate since 1995.
The reason a higher savings rate is a downer? It reflects a high level of caution among U.S. citizens, who are hunkering-down and increasing their savings, given the recession and poor economic outlook for the next two quarters.Moreover, the high rate of savings means fewer consumer dollars will work their way into retail and related operations -- a trend that will delay the U.S. recovery. Historically, consumer spending has accounted for about 60-65% of U.S. GDP, although that percentage may decline in the years ahead, if consumers remain frugal.
Scott Brown, chief economist for Ray James & Associates, the data represents "a pretty bleak picture for the economy in the near term."Meanwhile, the core PCE deflator,a key gauge of inflation monitored by the U.S. Federal Reserve, increased 0.1% in January, and is up 1.6% in the past year. Each is within the Fed's comfort zone for inflation
Economic Analysis: In normal times, the high savings rate would be a plus, particularly on the heels of more than five years of below-average savings by Americans, since U.S. citizens do need to save more. However, as noted, the problem with a high savings rate now is that it takes that many more dollars out of an already commerce constrained U.S. economy.
Hence, it is a dilemma of sorts: Americans need to save more but the economy needs more dollars at work in it -- and that only underscores why no one should fear a rise inflation. There aren't enough dollars working in the U.S. economy right now -- the main reason a large stimulus package was passed, and why another package may be needed down the road.
Incredible India:
Nearly five thousand years back flourished India's first major civilisation along the Indus River valley. The twin cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappa now in Pakistan were ruled by priests and held the rudiments of Hinduism. These civilisations are known to possess a sophisticated lifestyle, a highly developed sense of aesthetics, an astonishing knowledge of town planning and an undecipherable script language. The Indus civilization at one point of time extended nearly a million square kilometres across the Indus river valley. It existed at the same time as the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Sumer but far outlasted them. Surviving for nearly a thousand years the Indus valley civilisation fell to tectonic upheavals in about 1700 BC, which caused a series of floods.
The coming of the Aryans around 1500 BC, gave the final blow to the collapsing Indus Valley civilisation. At the dawn of Vedic ages the Aryans came in from the North and spread through large parts of India bringing with them their culture and religious beliefs. The Four Vedas or the important books of Hinduism were compiled in this period. In 567 B.C. the founder of the Buddhist Religion Gautama Buddha was born. During this time lived Mahavira, who founded the Jain Religion. The Indian subcontinent is full of caves and monuments devoted to these religions and are worth a visit.
Two hundred years later, in the 4th century B.C., Emperor Ashoka, one of the greatest King of Indian history, led the Mauryan Empire to take over almost all of what is now modern India. This great leader embraced Buddhism and built the group of monuments at Sanchi (a UNESCO world heritage site). The Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has been adopted by India as its national emblem and the Dharma Chakra on the Ashoka Pillar adorns the National Flag.
They were followed by the Guptas in the north, while in the south part of India several different Hindu empires, the Cholas, the Pandyas and the Cheras spread and grew, trading with Europe and other parts of Asia till the end of the 1100s.Christianinty entered India at about the same time from Europe. Legend has it that St. Thomas the Apostle arrived in India in 52 A.D. Even earlier than that people of the Jewish religion arrived on India's shores.
In approximately the 7th century A.D. a group of Zoroastrians, or Parsees, landed in Gujarat and became a part of the large mix of religions in India today, each of which adds its important and distinctive flavour.In the 15th century Guru Nanak laid the foundation of the Sikh religion in Punjab. In 1192, Mohammed of Ghori, a ruler from Afghanistan, came into India and captured several places in the north including Delhi.
When he went home he left one of his generals in charge who became the first Sultan of Delhi. During this time Islam, was introduced into a major part of Northern India. It may be mentioned that even before that, just after the period of the prophet, Islam was brought to the western coast of India by Arab traders and flourished in what is now Kerala.
The Dehli Sultanate gradually took control of more and more of North India over the next 200 years, till Timur, who was called "Timur the Lame" or "Tamberlane" came from Turkey in 1398 to attack India. He and his army stole all the valuables that they could carry and left again, and after that the Delhi Sultanate was never so strong again. Soon the Mughals, who were from Iran, came in and took control of the north.
In the meantime south , in 1336, the Hindu Vijayanagar empire was set up and became very strong.The Europeans - Portuguese, French, Dutch, Danish and British - started arriving in the early 1600s. All of them held territories in India and made friends and enemies among India's rulers as they got more and more involved, with the Indian politics, but it was the British who eventually controlled most of India and finally made it one of their colonies.
India got its independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle led mostly by Mahatma Gandhi. In the process of becoming independent, India became, two countries instead of one. In the years since independence India has made huge progress and coped with great problems, and has developed its industry and its agriculture, and has maintained a system of government which makes it the largest democracy in the world.
The coming of the Aryans around 1500 BC, gave the final blow to the collapsing Indus Valley civilisation. At the dawn of Vedic ages the Aryans came in from the North and spread through large parts of India bringing with them their culture and religious beliefs. The Four Vedas or the important books of Hinduism were compiled in this period. In 567 B.C. the founder of the Buddhist Religion Gautama Buddha was born. During this time lived Mahavira, who founded the Jain Religion. The Indian subcontinent is full of caves and monuments devoted to these religions and are worth a visit.
Two hundred years later, in the 4th century B.C., Emperor Ashoka, one of the greatest King of Indian history, led the Mauryan Empire to take over almost all of what is now modern India. This great leader embraced Buddhism and built the group of monuments at Sanchi (a UNESCO world heritage site). The Ashoka pillar at Sarnath has been adopted by India as its national emblem and the Dharma Chakra on the Ashoka Pillar adorns the National Flag.
They were followed by the Guptas in the north, while in the south part of India several different Hindu empires, the Cholas, the Pandyas and the Cheras spread and grew, trading with Europe and other parts of Asia till the end of the 1100s.Christianinty entered India at about the same time from Europe. Legend has it that St. Thomas the Apostle arrived in India in 52 A.D. Even earlier than that people of the Jewish religion arrived on India's shores.
In approximately the 7th century A.D. a group of Zoroastrians, or Parsees, landed in Gujarat and became a part of the large mix of religions in India today, each of which adds its important and distinctive flavour.In the 15th century Guru Nanak laid the foundation of the Sikh religion in Punjab. In 1192, Mohammed of Ghori, a ruler from Afghanistan, came into India and captured several places in the north including Delhi.
When he went home he left one of his generals in charge who became the first Sultan of Delhi. During this time Islam, was introduced into a major part of Northern India. It may be mentioned that even before that, just after the period of the prophet, Islam was brought to the western coast of India by Arab traders and flourished in what is now Kerala.
The Dehli Sultanate gradually took control of more and more of North India over the next 200 years, till Timur, who was called "Timur the Lame" or "Tamberlane" came from Turkey in 1398 to attack India. He and his army stole all the valuables that they could carry and left again, and after that the Delhi Sultanate was never so strong again. Soon the Mughals, who were from Iran, came in and took control of the north.
In the meantime south , in 1336, the Hindu Vijayanagar empire was set up and became very strong.The Europeans - Portuguese, French, Dutch, Danish and British - started arriving in the early 1600s. All of them held territories in India and made friends and enemies among India's rulers as they got more and more involved, with the Indian politics, but it was the British who eventually controlled most of India and finally made it one of their colonies.
India got its independence from Britain in 1947 after a long struggle led mostly by Mahatma Gandhi. In the process of becoming independent, India became, two countries instead of one. In the years since independence India has made huge progress and coped with great problems, and has developed its industry and its agriculture, and has maintained a system of government which makes it the largest democracy in the world.
Interesting Facts about India:
India never invaded any country in her last 100000 years of history. When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization) The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus. Chess was invented in India. Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India. The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C. The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola. India is the largest democracy in the world, the 6th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births. The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level. India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world. The largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'. Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days. The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also originated in India.Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C.during the Vedic period.Even today, the largest used number is Terra: 10*12(10 to the power of 12). Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world (Source: Gemological Institute of America). The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his teamconducted complicated surgeries likecataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts. India exports software to 90 countries. The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively. Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion. There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world. The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively. Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century. The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday. Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution. His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India. Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries. Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus. Chess was invented in India. Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India. The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C. The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola. India is the largest democracy in the world, the 6th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births. The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level. India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world. The largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'. Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days. The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also originated in India.Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C.during the Vedic period.Even today, the largest used number is Terra: 10*12(10 to the power of 12). Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world (Source: Gemological Institute of America). The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his teamconducted complicated surgeries likecataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries. Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts. India exports software to 90 countries. The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively. Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion. There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world. The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively. Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century. The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday. Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577. Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution. His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India. Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries. Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
Protection of Life is one of the prime responsibilities of the Government. It is seen that Fire has been the major reason for the destruction of life, as much as it has been a vital means of source of sustenance for mankind. The society has long recognized the importance of organized fire-fighting services and preventive measures. However during the regime of Portuguese in Goa, they were never felt the necessity of an organized Fire Service set-up.
The instances of unfriendly major fires were unheard of in those days. Yet there were stray incidents on few occasions, where major fires were checked and extinguished by Military men, not with sophisticated fire equipments, but by manual efforts of bucket brigade. After liberation, the police took the responsibility to protect life and property from fire. But there was no full-fledged Fire Service.
Department in Goa worth the name till 1984. Until then a puny fire cell was hosed in the Police Headquarters at Panaji under the control of inspector General of Police. The Fire Service which worked as an adjunct to police was ill-trained and ill-equipped to meet the growing challenges and responsibility. The dramatic leap in Goa’s socio-economic progress due to rapid industrialization & urbanization coupled with increased scale of economic activities and government operation, had warranted the setting up of Organized Fire department.he Government was fully conscious of the importance of this vital service and were keen to bring about all possible improvement. However the situation had not changed until 1983, when Goa was chosen as a venue for Common-Wealth Heads of Government Retreat meet.
Since Fire Service in Goa was grossly inadequate, we had to depend on Fire Units from neighboring places like Bombay and Bangalore. After the meet was over, the Government decided to constitute this service as a corollary to development for industrialization and urbanization and thus separated the Fire Service from Police department and established a Directorate of Fire Services in 1984 for strengthening, streaming and developing the Fire Services in the State. While a number of major states in the Country have not realized the importance of this vital service, the then Government of Goa headed by Shri Pratapsingh Raoji Rane in consultation with the Lt. Governor Shri.K.T.Satarawala had taken a giant step forward to professionalize the service to aid the citizens in times of distress. This step has genuinely contributed for the development of fire Service on a sound footing.
The instances of unfriendly major fires were unheard of in those days. Yet there were stray incidents on few occasions, where major fires were checked and extinguished by Military men, not with sophisticated fire equipments, but by manual efforts of bucket brigade. After liberation, the police took the responsibility to protect life and property from fire. But there was no full-fledged Fire Service.
Department in Goa worth the name till 1984. Until then a puny fire cell was hosed in the Police Headquarters at Panaji under the control of inspector General of Police. The Fire Service which worked as an adjunct to police was ill-trained and ill-equipped to meet the growing challenges and responsibility. The dramatic leap in Goa’s socio-economic progress due to rapid industrialization & urbanization coupled with increased scale of economic activities and government operation, had warranted the setting up of Organized Fire department.he Government was fully conscious of the importance of this vital service and were keen to bring about all possible improvement. However the situation had not changed until 1983, when Goa was chosen as a venue for Common-Wealth Heads of Government Retreat meet.
Since Fire Service in Goa was grossly inadequate, we had to depend on Fire Units from neighboring places like Bombay and Bangalore. After the meet was over, the Government decided to constitute this service as a corollary to development for industrialization and urbanization and thus separated the Fire Service from Police department and established a Directorate of Fire Services in 1984 for strengthening, streaming and developing the Fire Services in the State. While a number of major states in the Country have not realized the importance of this vital service, the then Government of Goa headed by Shri Pratapsingh Raoji Rane in consultation with the Lt. Governor Shri.K.T.Satarawala had taken a giant step forward to professionalize the service to aid the citizens in times of distress. This step has genuinely contributed for the development of fire Service on a sound footing.
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